Образование прилагательных с помощью суффиксов по Grammar and Vocabulary for First Certificate

Теория по суффиксам в словообразовании

В сегодняшнем выпуске рассматриваются следующие примеры словообразования:
образование прилагательных от существительных с помощью -ful & -less (careful,careless);
образование прилагательных от глаголов с помощью -able & -ible (drinkable, sensible);
а также другие суффиксы как -ive (active), -ous (famous), -ic (heroic), -y (guilty), -ish (childish), -al (national), -ist (elitist), -ant (arrogant), -ent (dependent).

Упражнение 1

1.It’s very easy to become dependent // depend +-ent on sleeping pills. DEPEND
2.Marie Curie is famous // fame +-ous (теряем -e) for her contribution to science. FAME
3.The children are always hungry // hunger +-y (теряем -e) when they get home from school. HUNGER
4.careful // care +-ful — there’s broken glass on the floor. CARE
5.When landing it can be very stressful // stress +-ful to be at the controls of an aircraft. STRESS
6.Many teenagers are surprisingly ignorant // ignorance +-ant (с потерей -ce) about current politics. IGNORANCE
7.That was an extremely foolish // fool +-ish thing to have done. FOOL
8.He has rather a hesitant // hesitate +-ant (теряя -e) manner, as though he’s slightly unsure of himself. HESITATE
9.I like that story because it’s a bit scary // scare +-y (с потерей -e) SCARE
10.He told some really offensive racist and sexist // sex +-ist jokes. SEX
11.She gave me a sheepish // sheep +-ish smile and apologised. SHEEP
12.She’s a normal healthy // health +-y child. HEALTH
13.They have a relatively affluent // affluence +-t way of life. AFFLUENCE
14.The important // importance +-t (теряем -ce) thing is to keep the heat low or the sugar will burn. IMPORTANCE
15.I was beginning to think I’d made a dreadful // dread +-ful mistake. DREAD
16.I’m just grateful // grate +-ful that I’m not still working for him. GRATITUDE
17.It’s useless // use +-less trying to convince her (that) she doesn’t need to lose any weight. USE
18.A secretary would be a useful // use +-ful addition to our staff. USE
19.All her distant // distance +-t (теряя -ce) relatives came to the wedding. DISTANCE
20.The company’s new products have been highly profitable // profit +-able . PROFIT
21.I found him arrogant // arrogance +-t (-ce уходит в минус) and rude. ARROGANCE
22.The control of inflation is a key component of the government’s economic // economy +-ic (y убираем так как -i есть в суффиксе) policy. ECONOMY
23.The meeting ended on an optimistic // optimism +-tic (убираем лишнюю m) note. OPTIMISM
24.The house is a bit chaotic // chaos +-tic (лишнее -s) at the moment — we’ve got all these extra people staying and we’re still decorating. CHAOS
25.I couldn’t understand why I felt so guilty // guilt +-y . GUILT

Упражнение 2

1.He has a realistic // real +-istic chance of winning a seat in the election. REAL
2.The situation at the border was chaotic // chaos +-tic ( в минус -s), with thousands of refugees arriving every day. CHAOS
3.We need to find someone suitable // suit +-able to send as Corbett’s replacement. SUIT
4.Try not to be so careless // care +-less next time! CARE
5.The new machine is far more efficient // efficiency +-ent (замена cy на t) than the old one. EFFICIENCY
6.She became famous // fame +-ous (убираем -e ) as both a teacher and researcher. FAME
7.We were cold, tired, and hungry // hunger +-y (-e лишняя). HUNGER
8.This seems to be a sensible // sense +-ible (-e не в удел) way of dealing with the problem. SENSE
9.The soup’s a little salty // salt +-y. SALT
10.Her eyes scanned the distant // distance +-t (лишнее -ce) hills. DISTANCE
11.Exercise can be fun, and being healthy // health +-y feels great. HEALTH
12.This is a better and more reliable // rely +-iable (убираем -y) car than my last one. RELY
13.Frank fought a courageous // courage +-ous battle against cancer. COURAGE
14.She was grateful // grate +-ful to them for letting her stay at their house. GRATITUDE
15.They hate being dependent // depend +-ent on their parents. DEPEND
16.You can hold the snake, it’s harmless // harm +-less. HARM
17.These doctors perform heroic // hero +-ic work in difficult conditions. HERO
18.The government should do more to promote racial // race +-ial (теряя -e) equality. RACE
19.Many witnesses are still hesitant // hesitate +-ant (убираем -e) to come forward. HESITATE
20.I decided to switch to a more profitable // profit +-able line of questioning. PROFIT
21.For a while, we were enthusiastic // enthusiasm +-tic (m лишнее) about the idea. ENTHUSIASM
22.He is a skilled // skill +-ed and experienced negotiator. SKILL
23.economic // economy +-ic (избавимся от -y ) growth is slowing down. ECONOMY
24.The floods have killed hundreds and made thousands homeless // home +-less. HOME
25.We really wanted tickets for tomorrow night but it’s not looking very hopeful // hope +-ful. HOPE

Упражнение 3

1.It was thoughtless // thought +-less of her not to tell you where she was going. THOUGHT
2.Be careful // care +-ful – the floor’s slippery. CARE
3.We are hoping to find a suitable // suit +-able school. SUIT
4.Miller was a quiet and reliable // rely +-iable (теряя -y) man. RELY
5.Smoking is harmful // harm +-ful to your health. HARM
6.They have shown a ruthless // ruth +-less disregard for basic human rights. RUTH
7.It can be painful // pain +-ful to leave the house in which you were born. PAIN
8.Water had got into the radio, and now it was completely useless // use +-less. USE
9.The train is a quick and painless // pain +-less way to travel. PAIN
10.After a few years, he became very skilled // skill +-ed at drawing. SKILL
11.The space under the desk is useful // use +-ful for storing CDs. USE
12.Other companies are turning to television, which offers access to a much broader but less affluent // affluence +-t (лишнее -ce) market. AFFLUENCE
13.The factory is modern and highly efficient // efficiency +-ent (вместо cy получаем t). EFFICIENCY
14.31 people have been injured in violent // violence +-t (в минусе будет -ce) incidents throughout the day. VIOLENCE
15.Employing the wrong builder can be a horribly expensive // expense +-ive (теряем немую e) mistake. EXPENSE
16.He was wrong, and courageous // courage +-ous enough to admit it. COURAGE
17.Were you successful // success +-ful in persuading him to change his mind? SUCCESS
18.It was really thoughtful // thought +-ful of you to remember my birthday. THOUGHT
19.The gloves are machine washable // wash +-able. WASH
20.The advertising campaign proved very profitable // profit +-able. PROFIT
21.We’ve had some dreadful // dread +-ful weather lately. DREAD
22.Moving to a new house is a very stressful // stress +-ful experience. STRESS
23.He’s careless // care +-less with his glasses and has lost three pairs. CARE
24.They found evidence for chaotic // chaos +-tic (убираем -s) behaviour. CHAOS
25.Thousands of people have been made homeless // home +-less. HOME

Упражнение 4

1.She finds it too painful // pain +-ful to return there without him. PAIN
2.The couple leapt apart when she walked in on them and later came downstairs looking sheepish // sheep +-ish. SHEEP
3.The circumstances are tragic // tragedy +-ic (убираем edy) but we have to act within the law. TRAGEDY
4.I’m sorry.How careless // care +-less of me… CARE
5.Most of us need to lead more balanced lives to be healthy // health +-y and happy… HEALTH
6.He is widely regarded as Hungary’s most skilled // skill +-ed politician. SKILL
7.It was a very frightening experience and they were very courageous // courage +-ous… COURAGE
8.The local economy is overwhelmingly dependent // depend +-ent on oil and gas extraction.. DEPEND
9.His heroic // hero +-ic deeds were celebrated in every corner of India. HERO
10.Cigarette smoking used to be commoner among affluent // affluence +-t (теряем -ce) people. AFFLUENCE
11.careful // care +-ful on those stairs!… CARE
12.There’s something very scary // scare +-y (немая -e лишняя) about him… SCARE
13.She was hesitant // hesitate +-ant (убираем немую -e ) about coming forward with her story… HESITATE
14.It was thoughtless // thought +-less of her to mention it… THOUGHT
15.I think I’ve been very selfish // self +-ish. I’ve been mainly concerned with myself. SELF
16.Tom was very enthusiastic // enthusiasm +-tic (теряя m) about the place… ENTHUSIASM
17.It believed the affair was potentially harmful // harm +-ful to British aviation. HARM
18.It would be foolish // fool +-ish to raise hopes unnecessarily… FOOL
19.Not everyone is so pessimistic // pessimism +-tic (теряем m) about the future… PESSIMISM
20.The pace of economic // economy +-ic (-y лишнее) growth is picking up. ECONOMY
21.She was efficient and reliable // rely +-iable (-y минусуется)… RELY
22.The President was ruthless // ruth +-less in dealing with any hint of internal political dissent. RUTH
23.This experiment was harmful // harm +-ful to the animals. HARM
24.The hospital staff were very apologetic // apology +-etic (теряем -y) but that couldn’t really compensate… APOLOGY
25.The planned general strike represents an important economic // economy +-ic (убираем -y) challenge to the government… ECONOMY

Упражнение 5

1.Don’t just sit watching television—make yourself useful // use +-ful! USE
2.The scheme has been set up to help homeless // home +-less people. HOME
3.I feel hopeful // hope +-ful that we’ll find a suitable house very soon. HOPE
4.This programme is not suitable // suit +-able for children. SUIT
5.They live in a wealthy // wealth +-y suburb of Chicago. WEALTH
6.Don’t be so childish // child +-ish! CHILD
7.The accident was my fault—it would be foolish // fool +-ish to pretend otherwise. FOOL
8.Do you think I’m being selfish // self +-ish by not letting her go? SELF
9.Mary gave her a sheepish // sheep +-ish grin. SHEEP
10.They are afraid of losing their national // nation +-al identity. NATION
11.It was careless // care +-less of me to leave the door open. CARE
12.I’m afraid there’s been a dreadful // dread +-ful mistake. DREAD
13.You must be careful // care +-ful when handling chemicals. CARE
14.It is usually more profitable // profit +-able to sell direct to the public. PROFIT
15.It was a stressful // stress +-ful time for all of us. STRESS
16.At that time I was ignorant // ignorance +-ant (убираем ce) of events going on elsewhere. IGNORANCE
17.She has become very forgetful // forget +-ful in recent years. FORGET
18.As we get older, our bodies become less efficient // efficiency +-ent(t заменяет cy) at burning up calories. EFFICIENCY
19.Students were involved in violent // violence +-t (-ce убираем) clashes with the police. VIOLENCE
20.The parents were active // act +-ive in campaigning against cuts to the education budget. ACT
21.I am extremely grateful // grate +-ful to all the teachers for their help. GRATITUDE
22.Applying for jobs can be a long and painful // pain +-ful process. PAIN
23.Art books are expensive // expense +-ive (убираем немую e) to produce. EXPENSE
24.She was more famous // fame +-ous (немая -e лишняя) as a writer than as a singer. FAME
25.I hope people will be courageous // courage +-ous enough to speak out against this injustice. COURAGE

По мотивам Grammar and Vocabulary for First Certificate созданы и другие упражнения на словообразование: приставки, абстрактные существительные.