Предлагаемое упражнение является подготовительным по теме модальные глаголы для ЦТ и ЦЭ по английскому языку. Напрямую эта тема не проверяется, но в разделе чтение важным может оказаться любая грамматическая конструкция. Не забываем, что отличительной чертой статей по грамматике, в рамках данной серии, является тот факт, что на фоне грамматики перед нами мелькают лексические единицы, которые будут важны для своих блоков.
Упражнение на употребление модальных глаголов в рамках подготовки к ЦТ и ЦЭ
1.We can // способность, умение (факт) see the centre of the square from our balcony.
are able * can * must * might
2. can // общая способность, вопрос о знании языка you speak any foreign languages? It’s of importance if you want to make a career in our profession.
could * can * must * might
3.I am afraid I can’t // невозможность из-за обстоятельств (уже есть планы) come to the party next week. I have already made a prior appointment.
could not * can’t * must not * might not
4.When we went to the forest, we could // способность в прошлом (чувствовать запах) smell burning. I am afraid of forest fires.
could * can * were able to * might
5.She spoke in a very low voice, but I could // успешное понимание в конкретной ситуации в прошлом make out what she was saying.
could * can * must * might
6.I do not know when they will come here. They might // не очень высокая вероятность, предположение arrive at any time.
could * can * must * might
7.I was so exhausted. I could // общая возможность в прошлом (мог бы проспать долго) sleep for a rather long period of time.
could * can * must * might
8.We could // гипотетическая возможность в прошлом (могли бы уехать, если бы были деньги) have gone away if we had enough money to spend on our journey.
could * can * must * might
9.You have been working hard all day long. You must // логическое заключение (почти уверенность) be tired.
could * must to * must * might
10.They have not lived here long enough. They can’t // логическое отрицание (не могут знать много людей) know many people.
could * should * can’t * might
11.The phone rang but I did not pick it up. I must // предположение с большой вероятностью (должно быть, я спал) have been asleep.
could * may * must * might
12.She passed him without saying a word. She might not // слабое предположение (возможно, не заметила) have noticed him.
could not * can’t * should * might not
13.Why did not your sister answer the phone? — She must // уверенное предположение (наверное, уснула) have fallen asleep.
can * should * must * mightn’t
14.Why did Sarah miss the meeting? — She might not // возможная причина (возможно, не знала) have been aware of it.
should not * should * must * might not
15.What time are you leaving for Minsk? — Well, I am ready, so I might as well // выражение «почему бы и нет», «можно и…» go now.
could as well * can as well * must as well * might as well
16.She is a very sympathetic person. You must // настоятельный совет talk to her.
can * are able * must * have
17.I have not phoned Mary for ages. I must // обязанность перед собой give her a call tonight.
could * can * must * have
18.He can’t go for a walk with us this evening. He has // инфинитивная частица не употребляется с модальными глаголами to work.
could * has * must * might
19.I have to // внешняя необходимость (ранний автобус) get up early tomorrow, because my bus leaves at 7:30.
need * have to * must * might
20.We do not have any time to waste. We must // сильная необходимость (нет времени, значит, обязаны спешить) hurry.
should to * have * must * might to
21.When we are in the library, we must // строгий запрет (не должны, нельзя) not bother the rest.
could * can * must * might
22.You can accompany me if you like but you do not have to // отсутствие необходимости (необязательно) come if you do not want.
could not * do not have to * must not * might
23.She has been preparing hard for the entrance exams, so she must // логический вывод (почти наверняка сдаст) pass them.
could * should * must * might
24.They had a great party last night. You should // сожаление о не сделанном, обращаем внимание на перфектный инфинитив(тебе следовало бы прийти) have come.
could * should * must * might
25.Jim can // способность, умение (знает языки) speak three foreign languages.
can * may * must * has to
26.You should // совет, рекомендация work hard at your French if you want to improve it.
may * must * should * are to
27.Mary must // уверенная догадка (это её голос) be in the entrance hall. It is her voice.
must * should * have to * need
28.Everyone must // необходимость, обязательство (должен подчиняться законам) obey laws especially if they are in a foreign country.
should * may * must * can
29.Nataly should // сожаление о прошлом (правильное действие не выполнено) have gone to bed earlier last night. She is very tired today.
should * could * have to * must
30.You don’t need to // отсутствие необходимости (не нужно больше беспокоиться) worry about the press conference any more. I’ll take care of it.
don’t need to * do need to * needn’t to * need to
31.You should // настоятельный совет (вам следует сходить к врачу), да и другие формы невозможны либо из-за отсутствия to или его наличия see a doctor. You don’t look healthy
need * should * have * may to
32.She has passed the exam with flying colours. She must have studied // уверенное предположение о прошлом (должно быть, училась всю ночь), не упускаем из внимания перфектный инфинитив all last night.
can study * may have studied * must have studied * could have studied
33.The boss said that I had to // косвенная речь для must / have to (обязательство в прошлом) be at work at eight o’clock.
had to * ought * can * will be able to
34.Mary had better // настойчивый совет (лучше бы) единственный грамматически возможный вариант close the window; it is getting unpleasantly cold.
had better to * would better * had better * should to
35.Children must not // строгий запрет (нельзя) play football in the streets.
must not * have to * don’t need * are to
36. May I // вежливое разрешение (можно мне?) use the phone, please? It is of great importance.
Must I * Have I to * May I * Am I to
37.Olga missed the film’s first night yesterday because she had to // вынужденная необходимость в прошлом, для модальных глаголов в прошлом у нас не правильный инфинитив work work late.
had to * can * could * may
38.Nick mustn’t // запрет (не имеет права) drive without headlights, it is forbidden.
mustn’t * have to * shouldn’t * need to
39.It is only ten a.m. She must be // уверенное предположение о настоящем (должна быть в колледже) at college now.
must be * should have been * could be * have be
40.Mary wasn’t able to // отсутствие способности/возможности в конкретной ситуации (не смогла) pass the math exam yesterday because she was down with the flu.
could * mustn’t * didn’t have to * wasn’t able to
41.Misha may // разрешение или возможность (может поехать) go to the Braslav Lakes this spring.
may * might to * will to * is
42.It is early spring now. Everybody should // рекомендация (следует употреблять) consume more fruit and vegetables.
should * shall * can * may
43.This baby will be able to // будущая способность (сможет ходить), модальные выражения (be able, have to) в отличии от модальных глаголов могут принимать видовременные формы walk in a few weeks. His state of health is good.
will be able to * will can * can * need
44.Anna needn’t // отсутствие необходимости (не нужно беспокоиться) worry, because this voyage isn’t risky at all. The sea is usually calm in summer.
needn’t to * don’t need * not need * needn’t
45.You don’t have to // отсутствие необходимости (не нужно идти) go to university today, it is Sunday.
don’t have to * have to * should * needn’t to
46.John shouldn’t have called // сожаление о действии в прошлом (не следовало бы звонить) Mary last night, she was sleeping.
shouldn’t have called * should have called * must to call * can’t to call
47.Everything is white and neat. It must have snowed // уверенное предположение о прошлом (должно быть, прошёл снег) last night.
must snow * should have snowed * must have snowed * must have been snowed
48.Nikita didn’t do his homework, he should have done // критика или сожаление (следовало бы сделать) it.
can have done * should have done * need have done * ought have done
49.I’d better go to the circus, hadn’t I // разделительный вопрос для ’d better (had better) ?
hadn’t I * wouldn’t I * didn’t I * had I
50.My eyesight is getting worse and worse. Next year, I am afraid, I will not be able to // будущее отсутствие способности (не смогу читать) read without glasses.
can’t * may not * could not * will not be able to
51.Police and firefighters must // необходимость, обязанность (должны работать) work during festive periods in many countries.
must * could * might * should
52.you Did you have to // вопрос о необходимости в прошлом (тебе пришлось встать?) get up early to meet the delegation at the seaport?
Did, have to * Had, to * Have, had to * Must, have to
53.Teenagers who commit serious crimes should // моральная рекомендация (следует относиться) be treated as adults and deserve a harsh punishment.
would * ought * should * have
54.The Parliament and the House of Representatives must // обязательство по процедуре (должны одобрить) approve a bill to turn it into a law.
had to * should * was to * must
55.When Leonid was 14, he could // общая способность в прошлом (мог пробежать) run 100 metres under 10 seconds.
must * could * can * could have
56.Janet and Tom did not want to come with us at first but in the end we were able to // успешное преодоление ситуации (смогли уговорить), форма инфинитива talk выводит из игры модальные глаголы для выражения в прошлого talk them into it.
were able to * should * might * could have
57.The soccer match was cancelled last week. Craig could not have played // невозможность в прошлом (не мог бы сыграть, даже если бы захотел) anyway because he was ill.
must not play * could not have played * should not play * can’t play
58.You have got enough free time. You need not // отсутствие необходимости (не нужно спешить) hurry.
must not * should not * need not * may not
59.According to the contract, the goods are to arrive // договорённость, официальное расписание (должны прибыть) at the warehouse at the end of the following week.
will arrive * are to arrive * should arrive * could arrive
60.The watchdog started to bark loudly, it may have found // предположение о прошлом (возможно, нашла следы) traces.
can have found * may have found * must find * may find
61.There is a grandmother having a well-deserved rest in the next room. You should not // рекомендация (не следует шуметь) be so noisy.
ought not * should not * have not to * do not have
62.Knock again. They might // слабое предположение (возможно, не услышали) not have heard it the first time.
was * ought * need * might
63.My friends are to meet // договорённость, запланированное событие (должны встретиться), так же модальное выражение как и be allowed/permitted tomorrow in the restaurant.
are to meet * should meet * ought to meet * were to meet
64.You have been reading for hours on end. This book must have been // уверенное предположение о прошлом (должно быть, была очень интересной) very interesting.
must have been * can be * should be * might have been
65.From what you tell me it sounds as if he ought // моральный совет (следует), в отличии от большинства модальных глаголов употребляется с to to have a consultation with your doctor as soon as possible.
was able to * ought * should * must
66.James has to // внешняя необходимость (обязательный курс) take an educational course soon. It is a required course.
has to * may * might * need
67.The dog behaves strangely. It must have lost // уверенное предположение о прошлом (должно быть, потерял хозяина) its master.
could lose * must lost * should have lost * must have lost
68.I am not sure that you should // сомнение (стоит ли?) go out without a raincoat on; it looks like rain.
must * ought * should * need
69.My friends and I have been waiting for Ivan for a whole hour, and then we decided he must have gone // логический вывод о прошлом (должно быть, уехал) for a ride without us.
must have gone * must go * should have gone * would go
70.My friend has an inborn gift for foreign languages. He could become // потенциал, возможность в будущем (мог бы стать) an excellent translator.
could become * could have become * was able to become * had to become
71.If Ann had called in on his office at five o’clock yesterday, she might have found // нереальное условие в прошлом (возможно, нашла бы) him there.
may have found * might have found * can found * could have found
72.Kate must // уверенное предположение о прошлом (должно быть, забыла) have left her wallet behind when she paid for the petrol.
ought * should * had * must
73.John could not // отсутствие возможности в прошлом (не мог найти причину) find any reason to turn down the invitation to the party. So he accepted it.
could not * can’t * must not * might not
74.They must be tired // логическое заключение (должны быть уставшими) . They have been working all day in the garage.
be tired * tired * to be tired * be tiring
75.You can’t be hungry // невозможность (не может быть, что ты голоден) after having such a big meal.
hunger * hungry * be hungry * to be hungry
Дополнительные материалы
Упражнения данного типа по другим темам доступны по следующим ссылкам: видовременные формы глаголов; наречия и прилагательные;