Упражнение на заполнение пропусков
Упр 1
After living under the threat of extinction for more than 30 years, the national bird of the United States has been // has been granted, пассив настоящего перфекта granted an official reprieve, as the bald eagle and 28 other animals and plant species have been earmarked for // for, причина выраженная существительным removal from America’s list of endangered species. The bald eagle, also known // known as, известный как as the white-headed sea eagle, took pride of place at the top of a list of species likely to be // to be taken off, пассивный инфинитив (быть снятым) taken off the endangered register in the coming years. The proposed «delistings» are being // are being promoted, пассив настоящего длительного времени promoted by // кем (обозначение деятеля в пассивном залоге) the US Interior Secretary to counter a growing feeling among Republicans that endangered-species laws do not work. Charges of ineffectiveness have been laid/brought // bring/lay charges against, выдвинуть обвинения против (кого-то) against these laws before, but more recently it has even // даже (усилительная частица) been suggested that the situation may actually have been made // may have been made, пассивная форма перфектного инфинитива worse by them. The recovery of the bald eagle follows 31 years on the critical list. Its numbers had been reduced // had been reduced, пассив прошедшего перфекта to fewer than 500 by/through // by/through the use of, посредством, в результате использования (чем-то) the use of pesticides that reacted adversely with // react with, реагировать/взаимодействовать its reproductive system. The number of nesting pairs is now estimated at // be estimated at, оцениваться в (каком-то количестве) 5000. Until now, few species have ever // когда-либо been removed from the list. When they were // were removed, пассив простого прошедшего removed, it was usually because they had become extinct.
Упр 2
Although // хотя (союз уступки), как вариант though some shoppers may already find supermarket trolleys quite hard to push up and down the aisles // aisles, проходы в магазине между полками; one supermarket chain is about to make // make smth harder, сделать что-то более трудным the task even harder. Next week sees // здесь: наступает, пройдет the introduction of the so-called Trim Trolley.
The Trim Trolley can be set at different levels of resistance, making it harder or easier to push. It is able to measure both the customer’s heart rate and the number of calories burnt through // посредством, с помощью sensors on the handle. Shoppers are // are thought to …, пассивная конструкция (считается, что…) thought to burn about 160 calories during a typical forty-minute visit to the supermarket. The Trim Trolley with the resistance level at seven would allow // allow smb to do smth, позволять кому-то делать что-то the average person to burn as many as 280 calories. In other words, the equivalent // the equivalent of, эквивалент (чему-либо) of a twenty-minute swim. At the highest resistance level, a shopping trip could replace // replace _ smth, заменить (что-либо) a trip to the gym.
A spokesperson for the supermarket said: “We hope it will make people more aware of what they are putting in their trolleys. The chocolate cakes may be easier to resist when/if/once // союзы времени/условия you‘ve got calories levels on your mind!”
Упр 3
Many tourists nowadays walk around carrying plastic bottles of water, even in cities. The bottle seems to have // to have become, перфектный инфинитив (действие, предшествующее глаголу) become an important fashion accessory, and not just for tourists. Nowadays everyone seems to carry a bottle of water with them // them, местоимение, ссылающееся на everyone в современном английском wherever they go. This fashion for being seen with bottled water, sometimes called ‘designer water’, has // has led, настоящий перфект led to a massive increase in // an increase in, увеличение/рост sales over the past few years. There are now so // so many, настолько много (с исчисляемыми существительными) many different brand names available in the shops that it is hard to choose.
But why // вопросительное местоимение do some people prefer their water from a bottle rather than a tap? To start with, water forms a // неопределенный артикль перед исчисляемым в единственном числе vital part of a healthy lifestyle. We are now advised to drink two litres of water daily, as well // as well as, а также, наряду с as eating large quantities of fruit and vegetables. In addition to // in addition to, в дополнение к this, designer water offers the promise of purity. It is advertised as clean and natural, while tap water may be viewed with // view with suspicion, смотреть с подозрением suspicion.
Упр 4
Festivals in the Caribbean can be huge, colourful events that stretch the imagination. One of the biggest of // one of, один из числа these, the Trinidad Carnival, consists of five days of non-stop parties and music competitions that end with/in // end with/in, закончиться чем-либо a costumed parade through the streets of the capital, Port of Spain. The music at the carnival is calypso. Calypso is more // more than, сравнительная степень прилагательного than just music for singing and dancing. An evening in a ‘calypso tent’ will give you a course in Trinidadian politics and let // let smb know, позволить кому-то узнать you know all about the island gossip.
But whatever // whatever, какой бы ни (союз в придаточном уступительном) the topic of the songs, calypso’s main function is to // инфинитив цели entertain.
One of the most important parts of the carnival is the calypso competition. This is divided into // divide into, делить на (части) two sections. First of all, on the Sunday, the best song is judged. Ten finalists each sing two songs in front of a // неопределенный артикль в составе of фразы если вторая его часть описывает первую crowd of 30,000. The singers all do their // do one’s best, сделать все возможное best to give performances that will have the crowd shouting and screaming for // scream for more, требовать продолжения more, and the winner receives the highly-prized title of Calypso Monarch.
Then, on the Monday, there is the Roadmarch competition, when/where // when/where, союз времени/места для определения the best dance tune is decided. Dancers in fantastic costumes spill out onto the streets in // in one’s thousands, тысячами their thousands at 4 a.m. and dance in a parade with the calypso bands. This goes on until/till // until/till, до тех пор пока не (указание на предел действия) the carnival ends the following night. The winner is the person whose // whose, относительное местоимение в притяжательном падеже tune is being played most often as the bands pass the place where the judges are // are situated, пассивный залог настоящего простого situated.
And the music has to be good, to keep as many // as many as, столько же, сколько (с исчисляемыми) as half a million people dancing non-stop for five days.
Упр 5
Making and breaking codes has long been one // one of, один из of the practical applications of pure mathematics.
The first codes often were used for military purposes // for … purposes, для неких целей, so that even if a courier was captured, his information would be useless // useless to smb, бесполезный для кого-либо to the enemy. The ancient Spartans used a long strip of skin with writing on it. Only // Only when усилительная конструкция и инверсия во второй части when this skin was wrapped around a stick of the right size could the message be read.
Later Julius Caesar protected his communications in Gaul by // by + герундий, способ совершения действия writing his messages in Greek, which the Gauls could not understand — a trick which/that // относительное местоимение для неодушевленных предметов was used again by Englishmen on India’s north west frontier, where Greek was also unknown.
The most common // most common, самый распространенный basic codes are called substitution codes, where one letter of the alphabet is replaced by another // любой другой из доступных symbol. Although // хотя (союз уступки), возможно though more sophisticated codes have been developed, today’s commonest code is the PIN, or personal identity number. Today PINs are used by all of us in daily // daily life, повседневная жизнь life, to see our bank accounts, to use // use smth, использовать что-либо our mobile phones, to log // log in to, войти в систему in to internet accounts.
Упр 6
Agatha Christie is probably the most // most widely known, превосходная степень сравления widely known writer of crime novels in the world. In spite // in spite of the fact that, несмотря на то что of the fact that her writing now seems rather old-fashioned, her novels continue to sell very well. What readers obviously like about them is // What … is, выделительная конструкция (именно то, что нравится, это…) the suspense and the atmosphere of mystery they create.
Agatha Christie was born in 1890. After getting // get married to, выйти замуж married to Colonel Archibald Christie in 1914, she worked as a volunteer nurse in World War I, dispensing medicines. The knowledge of poisons which/that // который (относительное местоимение для неодушевленных предметов) she gained during this time came in useful when she wrote her novels.
Her first novel, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, was // was published, пассивный залог прошедшего простого времени published in 1920. The main character in the novel, Hercule Poirot, was so // so… that, настолько… что popular that she used him in another 40 books. In addition // in addition to, помимо, в дополнение к to her novels, Agatha Christie wrote a number of plays.
Дополнительные задания
Олимпиадные версии заданий на словообразование, времена, предлоги с фразовыми глаголами, поиском ошибок, лексический выбор, поиск лишних слов и артикли мы публиковали ранее.